Proprioception refers to an animal’s ability to sense the position and movement of its limbs and joints in space – in other words, the dog’s sense of body awareness. Without having to look, dogs instinctively know where their legs and paws are at any given moment.

This is made possible by specialised sensors in the muscles, tendons, and joints, which send information via nerves to the brain.

When this flow of information is interrupted or no longer functioning properly, dogs lose awareness of their limbs – often resulting in problems with coordination, balance, and movement.

Symptoms can range from very subtle to quite dramatic. 

• Knuckling: the dog places the top of the paw on the ground without correcting it

• Scraping or worn-down nails, especially on the hind legs

• Unsteady or staggering gait (ataxia)

• Tripping, stumbling or sudden collapsing of the hind legs

• Abnormal posture when standing, sitting or lying down

• Difficulty with stairs or jumping up onto furniture 

These signs are always a reason to have your dog examined by a vet – especially if the symptoms come on suddenly or get progressively worse.

Proprioceptive deficits are not a condition in themselves but a symptom of an underlying issue. Some of the most common causes include:

• Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) – when a disc bulges or ruptures and compresses the spinal cord

• Traumatic injuries – such as falls, accidents, or pinched nerves

• Degenerative myelopathy – a genetic, progressive spinal cord disease in older dogs, especially large breeds

• Spinal strokes – when disc material blocks a blood vessel and cuts off circulation to part of the spinal cord

• Wobbler syndrome – narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck region, often due to bone changes or disc herniation

• Other neurological diseases – including tumours, inflammations or infections affecting the spinal cord

To determine the underlying cause, your vet will perform a thorough clinical and neurological examination. Depending on the findings, further diagnostics may include:

This forms the basis for an appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment depends on the cause and aims to reduce inflammation and pain, while maintaining mobility and muscle strength. Possible treatment elements include:

• Medication – e.g. anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, gabapentin or corticosteroids

• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation

• Alternative therapies – such as acupuncture, laser therapy or chiropractic care

• Surgical intervention – in cases of severe compression from a disc herniation or tumour

The sooner treatment starts, the better the prognosis.

There’s a lot you can do at home to help your dog stay comfortable and mobile:

• Lay down non-slip rugs on slippery floors

• Provide orthopaedic dog beds in all rooms for easier rest

• Use dog ramps or steps for sofa or car access

• Try support harnesses like the Help 'Em Up® harness

• Offer mental stimulation through food puzzles or enrichment toys

If your dog drags one or more paws, you can secure ToeGrips® with a drop of super glue to improve hold.

Under the guidance of your vet or a veterinary physiotherapist, specific exercises may help improve your dog’s body awareness. Examples include:

• Shifting weight between legs

• Standing on three legs

• Walking on soft or uneven surfaces (e.g. wobble cushions or sand)

• Gentle stretching routines

⚠️ These exercises should never be attempted without professional guidance, as improper technique can do more harm than good.

If your dog suddenly seems wobbly or is walking differently, don’t ignore it. Even subtle signs can point to a neurological issue. A prompt veterinary examination and a targeted treatment plan can make a big difference.

With the right support and adjustments in daily life, many dogs regain stability and mobility. And even if some proprioceptive deficits remain, your dog can still enjoy a full and happy life – just a little differently than before.

Schedule regular check-ups to monitor your dog’s neurological function – especially if you notice subtle changes in their gait, coordination, or posture. Early detection can make a significant difference in managing proprioceptive issues.